Importance of Human-Induced Nitrogen Flux Increases in Simulated Arctic Warming

Publication Year
2021

Type

Journal Article
Abstract

Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, land-use change, nitrogen (N) fertilizer use, emission of livestock, and waste excretion accelerate the transformation of reactive N and its impact on the marine environment. This study elucidates that anthropogenic N fluxes (ANFs) from the atmospheric deposition and river exacerbates Arctic warming and sea ice loss via physical-biological feedback. The impact of physical-biological feedback is quantified through a suite of experiments using a coupled climate ocean biogeochemical model (GFDL-CM2.1-TOPAZ) by prescribing the preindustrial and contemporary amounts of riverine and atmospheric N fluxes into the Arctic Ocean. The experiment forced by ANFs represents the increase in ocean N inventory and chlorophyll concentrations in present and projected future Arctic Ocean relative to the experiment forced by preindustrial N flux inputs. The enhanced chlorophyll concentrations by ANFs reinforce shortwave attenuation in the upper ocean, generating additional warming in the Arctic Ocean. The strongest responses are simulated in the Eurasian shelf seas (Kara, Barents, and Laptev Seas, 20°–160°E, 65°–90°N) due to increased N fluxes, where the annual mean surface temperature increase by 12% and the annual mean sea ice concentration decrease by 17% relative to the future projection, forced by preindustrial N inputs.

Journal
Journal of Climate
Volume
34
Issue
10
Pages
3799–3819
Date Published
May 2021
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